CFR scholar: time to “disengage” from Iraq

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Report Calls for Military Disengagement From Iraq

February 7, 2007 Council on Foreign Relations

Council Scholar Recommends Policy Shift to Containing Conflict [full report:

afterthesurge.html>]

“The United States should…make clear now to the Iraqi government =

that, as the results of the anticipated surge become apparent, the =

two sides will begin to negotiate a U.S. military disengagement from =

Iraq,” says a new Council Special Report. “The proposed military =

disengagement would not be linked to benchmarks that the Iraqi =

government is probably incapable of fulfilling….The U.S. drawdown =

should not be hostage to Iraqi performance.”

The report’s author, Hasib J. Sabbagh Senior Fellow for Middle =

Eastern Studies Steven N. Simon, says the surge is a fait accompli =

and its results will be known very soon: “the surge is going to take =

place regardless of public or congressional opposition. Thus, the =

issue is what happens after the surge. Since General David Petraeus =

has said that he expects the results of the surge to become apparent =

quickly, the ‘day after’ realities should be thought through now.”

“The United States has already achieved all that it is likely to =

achieve in Iraq: the removal of Saddam, the end of the Ba’athist =

regime, the elimination of the Iraqi regional threat, the snuffing =

out of Iraq’s unrequited aspiration to weapons of mass destruction, =

and the opening of a door, however narrow, to a constitutionally- =

based electoral democracy,” says the report, After the Surge: The =

Case for U.S. Military Disengagement From Iraq.”Staying in Iraq can =

only drive up the price of these gains in blood, treasure, and =

strategic position.”

Disengagement “would entail withdrawing the bulk of American forces =

from Iraq within twelve to eighteen months (that is to say, over the =

course of calendar year 2008); shifting the American focus to =

containment of the conflict and strengthening the U.S. military =

position elsewhere in the region; and engaging Iraq’s neighbors, =

including Iran and Syria, members of the UN Security Council, and =

potential donors in an Iraq stabilization plan,” Simon writes.

“The crisis has now moved beyond the capacity of Washington to =

control on its own,” says the report. “The United States lacks the =

military resources and the domestic and international political =

support to master the situation.” And “even if the United States had =

the abundant ground forces and reconstruction teams necessary, it is =

not clear that the situation in Iraq today is retrievable.”

Simon argues that any realistic reckoning for the future will have to =

acknowledge “six grim realities:”

  • “The United States cannot determine political outcomes or achieve =

its remaining political aims via military means.”

  • “Leaving U.S. forces in Iraq under today’s circumstances means the =

United States is culpable but not capable=97that is, Washington bears =

substantial responsibility for developments within Iraq without the =

ability to shape those developments in a positive direction.”

  • “The ongoing war has empowered and advanced the interests of the =

chief U.S. rival in the region, Iran.”

  • “By siphoning resources and political attention away from =

Afghanistan, a continuing military commitment to Iraq may lead to two =

U.S. losses in southwest Asia.”

  • “The Iraq war constrains the U.S. military, making it very =

difficult if not impossible to handle another significant contingency =

involving ground forces.”

  • “The implosion of domestic support for the war will compel the =

disengagement of U.S. forces; it is now just a matter of time.”

“The bleak truth remains that the United States is incapable of =

restoring Iraq even to the relative stability of the Ba’athist =

era…The even bleaker truth is that continued U.S. military =

operations on Iraqi territory might well leave Iraqis even worse off. =

In that light, for the U.S. government to sacrifice the lives of its =

soldiers in the pursuit of an unattainable objective (a stable, =

pluralistic Iraq aligned with U.S. interests), or an inappropriate =

one (reputation for toughness and reliability) would be the least =

morally defensible course that Washington could take.”

The United States should:

  • Declare its intention to disengage the majority of U.S. combat =

forces from Iraq within twelve to eighteen months, to begin once the =

results of the surge become known.

  • Retain the forces necessary to secure Baghdad International =

Airport, the Green Zone, and access routes that connect them.

  • During the disengagement period, stage the drawdown to maintain the =

forces in Iraq needed to protect or relocate vulnerable minority =

populations and suppress insurgent activity in the largely Sunni =

provinces.

  • Shift focus to containment of the conflict and strengthen the U.S. =

military position elsewhere in the region.

  • Plan for humanitarian contingency operations.

  • Refocus on containment of the war in Iraq.

  • Reinforce the U.S. military presence elsewhere in the Persian Gulf =

region, for example, Kuwait; explore options for increasing special =

operations forces deployed to Jordan; increase the number of =

rotational deployments to the region, including joint exercises.

  • Engage Iraq’s neighbors, including Iran and Syria, members of the =

UN Security Council, and potential donors in a stabilization plan for =

Iraq.

  • Prepare to provide Jordan with help in managing the cross-border =

refugee flow.

  • Work with the UN secretary-general to form an Iraq stabilization =

group, including Iran and Syria, with an emphasis on control of =

borders, management of refugees, economic and technical assistance to =

Iraq, and diplomatic support for political reconciliation.

  • Work with the UN, NATO, and neighboring states on plans for =

humanitarian intervention in the event that violence in Iraq becomes =

genocidal.

  • Act decisively elsewhere in the region, particularly on the =

Palestine-Israel impasse by articulating a vision for final status, =

and on support for Lebanese sovereignty.

“Having staked its prestige on the intervention and failed to achieve =

many of its objectives, the United States will certainly pay a price =

for military disengagement from Iraq. But if the United States =

manages its departure from Iraq carefully, it will not have lost =

everything. Rather, the United States will have preserved the =

opportunity to recover vital assets that its campaign in Iraq has =

imperiled: diplomatic initiative, global reputation, and the well =

being and political utility of its ground forces.”

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