gender pay gap emerges early
Gender pay gap emerges early, study finds By Ellen Wulfhorst Mon Apr 23, 12:21 AM ET
NEW YORK (Reuters) - A dramatic pay gap emerges between women and men
in America the year after they graduate from college and widens over
the ensuing decade, according to research released on Monday.
One year out of college, women working full time earn 80 percent of
what men earn, according to the study by the American Association of
University Women Educational Foundation, based in Washington D.C.
Ten years later, women earn 69 percent as much as men earn, it said.
Even as the study accounted for such factors as the number of hours
worked, occupations or parenthood, the gap persisted, researchers said.
“If a woman and a man make the same choices, will they receive the
same pay?” the study asked. “The answer is no.
“These unexplained gaps are evidence of discrimination, which remains
a serious problem for women in the work force,” it said.
Specifically, about one-quarter of the pay gap is attributable to
gender — 5 percent one year after graduation and 12 percent 10 years
after graduation, it said.
One year out of college, men and women should arguably be the least
likely to show a gender pay gap, the study said, since neither tend
to be parents yet and they enter the work force without significant
experience.
“It surprised me that it was already apparent one year out of
college, and that it widens over the first 10 years,” Catherine Hill,
AAUW director of research, told Reuters.
Among factors found to make a difference in pay, the choice of fields
of concentration in college were significant, the study found. Female
students tended to study areas with lower pay, such as education,
health and psychology, while male students dominated higher-paying
fields such as engineering, mathematics and physical sciences, it said.
Even so, one year after graduation, a pay gap turned up between women
and men who studied the same fields.
In education, women earn 95 percent as much as their male colleagues
earn, while in math, women earn 76 percent as much as men earn, the
study showed.
While in college, the study showed, women outperformed men
academically, and their grade point averages were higher in every
college major.
Parenthood affected men and women in vividly different ways. The
study showed mothers more likely than fathers, or other women, to
work part time or take leaves.
Among women who graduated from college in 1992-93, more than one-
fifth of mothers were out of the work force a decade later, and
another 17 percent were working part time, it said.
In the same class, less than 2 percent of fathers were out of the
work force in 2003, and less than 2 percent were working part time,
it said.
The study, entitled “Behind the Pay Gap,” used data from the U.S.
Department of Education. It analyzed some 9,000 college graduates
from 1992-93 and more than 10,000 from 1999-2000.