Re: Russia’s economy
On May 16, 2007, at 3:55 PM, Chris Doss wrote:
It’s not that Russians CAN’T do it — it’s that they’re NOT SUPPOSED TO. :)
Not according to me. Who says this?
Average incomes in Russia are almost twice those in China and three times those in India, if that factors into the matter anywhere.
Found the answer to the question I couldn’t get you to answer (or if =
you did, I missed it). Moscow incomes are three times those of the =
rest of Russia, and the top decile has an income 41 times that of the =
bottom. And the “average” (mean) is about twice the median.
Doug
http://www.kommersant.com/p761136/r_1/average_income,_Moscow/
Apr. 23, 2007
Moscow’s Millions
A Million Muscovites Live on $5,000 a Month, but Income Gap Still =
Widening
According to data from the Moscow City Statistics Agency =
(Mosgorstat), the average Moscow resident’s monthly income rose 22.8% =
to 30,486 rubles in 2006, while incomes among the top 10% of earners =
reached 129,654 rubles (more than $5,000). At least 30% of =
Muscovites, or three million people, make more than $1,000 per month. =
The income gap between rich and poor, however, shows no signs of =
narrowing: the incomes of the city’s richest 10% exceeded those of =
the poorest by 41 times, and 13% of residents live below the official =
poverty line.
The 30,486 ruble average monthly income in Moscow is approximately =
three times higher than the average for the rest of Russia. The gap =
is due less to differences in salaries =96 the average Moscow monthly =
wage in 2006 was 17,900 rubles, compared to approximately 12,000 =
rubles in the rest of the country =96 than to available sources of =
extra income: Moscow residents tend to make their extra money from =
renting out apartments and running small business enterprises.
A breakdown of the population by income (see the table below) shows =
that the average income of the most well-off 10% of the city’s =
population in 2006 was 129,700 rubles a month, or around $5,000. This =
group receives 42.5% of income in Moscow. The average income of the =
next 10% was 57,000 rubles, or approximately $2,200. The average does =
not drop to slightly below $1,000 a month until the fourth group, =
which means that a minimum of three million of Moscow’s 10.5 million =
residents live on more than $1,000 a month. “This index could be the =
envy of many European cities,” said Yaroslav Lisovolik of Deutsche UFG.
The numbers from Mosgorstat are somewhat higher than those collected =
by the research group Komkon, which show that in 2006 48.9% of =
Muscovites earned between $500 and $700 per month, 25% between $700 =
and $1,000, 11.6% between $1,000 and $1,500, 7.5% between $1,500 and =
$2,000, and 1.4% more than $3,000. “We compared our data with data on =
England and France, and the first thing that jumped to our attention =
was that the middle class abroad lives more modestly,” said Komkon =
communications director Maria Vokatova.
Even judging from Mosgorstat’s data, however, many in Moscow live in =
poverty: the average monthly income of the city’s poorest 10% of =
residents was a mere 3,135 rubles in 2006, while those in the second =
decile earned 5,266 rubles a month. Given that data from Rosstat, the =
country’s national statistics-gathering agency, show that the average =
monthly pension in Russia is 2,700 rubles, Mr. Lisovolik points out =
that the lowest income group undoubtedly includes many pensioners.
Meanwhile, the factor describing the gulf between the city’s richest =
and poorest residents grew from 38 times in 2005 to 41 times in 2006. =
In most European countries, the norm is considered to be 6-8 times. =
According to data from the Institute of Economic Forecasting (INKhP) =
at the Russian Academy of Sciences, this index is actually even =
higher: between 50 and 55 times. “The income gap has a tendency to =
widen. Even if “grey” salaries (wages paid off the books) were taken =
into account, these numbers fundamentally will not change,” explained =
INKhP director Viktor Ivanter. Aleftina Gulyugina, the deputy =
director of the Center for Issues of Population Income and Social =
Welfare, notes that the widening income gap is linked to rising =
incomes among well-off Muscovites: “Incomes are growing faster for =
the super-rich than for those with the lowest incomes,” she said.
Mr. Ivanter points to the specific structure of Moscow’s workforce. =
“The capital is first and foremost a large financial and scientific- =
artistic center, where there are many workers in the financial sector =
with high incomes and many workers in the arts and sciences with low =
incomes,” he said, a point of view that is borne out by data from =
Mosgorstat. The highest monthly salaries in the capital in 2006 were =
in the financial (44,741 rubles) and mining (30,776 rubles) sectors, =
while the lowest incomes were received by Moscow’s few remaining =
fishermen (5,471 rubles) and farmers (7,340 rubles).
Ms. Gulyugina also ties the income gap to the capital’s high =
concentration of the super-rich: “The biggest earners live in Moscow, =
and at the same time there is a high level of poverty in the capital =
=96 13%,” she said. Her opinion was seconded by Natalia Tikhonova, the =
deputy director of the Russian Academy of Sciences Sociology =
Institute, who notes, “all of the richest people are concentrated in =
Moscow. The capital has more people who can be assigned to a level =
higher than middle class.” This is explained by the capital’s large =
number of government employees and the many big companies that are =
concentrated in Moscow.
“With such economic growth, the income gap should shrink, but it is =
not decreasing. This is tied to a low level of effectiveness =96 in =
production, with a low level of organization and technical =
facilities,” said Mr. Ivanter. He also warned about the danger of a =
further increase in the gap, “which will be followed by the =
lumpenization of the lowest levels of the population.” Meanwhile, Mr. =
Lisovolik is mainly concerned by a decrease in competitiveness: =
according to him, the efficiency of labor is clearly not keeping pace =
with salaries.
Average Per-Capita Income of Moscow Residents (rubles per month)
2001 2003 2005 2006
For Total p 10,282 16,827 24,840 30,486
By deciles: First 1,004 1,526 2,699 3,135 Second 1,780 2,762 4,442 5,266 Third 2,484 3,941 6,041 7,249 Fourth 3,286 5,336 7,969 9,644 Fifth 4,280 7,144 10,615 12,915 Sixth 5,624 9,650 14,616 17,774 Seventh 7,621 13,353 20,813 25,256 Eighth 10,953 19,286 30,374 36,903 Ninth 17,695 30,352 46,679 57,064 Tenth 48,096 74,915 104,153 129,654 ratio 10/1 47.9 49.1 38.6 41.4
Darya Nikolayeva and Maxim Shishkin